科學飲食與健康生活

* * * * * * * * * Smoking Affects the Entire Body The list of diseases and ill effects caused by smoking continues to expand as researchers learn more about the ways in which smoking devastates the body. Overall, smoking causes 17 % of all deaths [WHO 1997] 30% of all cancer deaths 87% of lung cancer 66% COPD deaths 13%vascular diseases According to the Worldbank, smoking related healthcare accounts for 6% to 15 % of all annual healthcare costs. The list of diseases and ill effects caused by smoking continues to expand as researchers learn more about the ways in which smoking devastates the body. [Surgeon General 2004 exec summ 2B,38AC, 8AB] American Thoracic Society, 2005. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Available at: /tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htm. Accessed July 23, 2005. Smoking is associated with many diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease Smoking is associated with a decline in lung and kidney function, low HDL cholesterol, insulin resistance, cataracts, impotence, accelerated aging and skin wrinkles Surgeon General 2004 exec summ 2B,38AC, 8AB Slide 58 from SMOKING_CESSATION_09[1].26.05_Final Need better citation for WHO 1997 to find ref. * * * * * * * * * * * 食品安全監(jiān)管 – 危害與風險 重要概念 危害：食品中可能會產(chǎn)生不良健康影響的生物性、化學性或物理性因素或狀況（FAO/WHO, 2005） 風險：各種危害產(chǎn)生不良健康作用的可能性及其強度（FAO/WHO, 1997） 重要觀點國家食品安全監(jiān)管的任務，不是消除危害，而是將風險控制在可接受的范圍內(nèi)。 (WHO. 1995. Application of risk analysis to food standards issues. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation.) 我國食品安全問題的特點 新老問題并存 老問題：重金屬、霉菌毒素等污染 新問題：工業(yè)化家禽養(yǎng)殖和加工 源頭污染突出 2億多農(nóng)戶分散地生產(chǎn)初級農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 食品加工業(yè)素質(zhì)差 中小型食品加工企業(yè)占多數(shù) 信息交流渠道不暢通 我國食品安全總體情況是好的，但存在問題不容忽視 微生物引起的食源性疾?。?化學性污染（農(nóng)殘、獸殘、重金屬、天然毒素、有機污染物等）； 非法使用食品添加劑； …… 致病微生物引起的食源性疾病是頭號食品安全問題 食源性甲型肝炎（1980’s 上海，3

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