8 NUTRITION AND FISH HEALTH C. YOUNG CHO University of Guelph Department of Nutrition Guelph, Ont. INTRODUCTION In culturing fish in captivity, nothing is more important than sound nutrition and adequate feeding. If there is no utilizable feed intake by the fish, there can be no growth and death eventually results. Under-nourished or malnourished ani- mals cannot maintain health and growth, regardless of the quality of the environ- ment. Therefore, before any attempt at fish culture it would be wise to ask a fundamental question, “What and how should I feed my fish?” Faultv nutrition impairs fish productivity and affects their health; a fact the fish culturist should always keep in mind. Clinical disease often ensues when nutri- tional needs are not met. The borderline between reduced growth and dimin- ished health and overt disease is difficult to define. Diets may hasten recovery from infection or slow the progress of an idiopathic disease or overcome environmental stress. However, diets may also cause nutrient imbalances, deficiency diseases, nutritional toxicoses, or may introduce infective agents. As a consequence, nutritionally- balanced and quality-controlled diets are of critical concern in fish production. As shown in Fig. 1. many steps of research, quality control, and biological evaluations must be exercised by various individuals and groups to develop and produce nutritionally-balanced diets for fish.

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