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他比她更健康？生育

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2025年06月04日 12:33

摘要：在實(shí)施積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略和健康中國(guó)戰(zhàn)略的背景下，從個(gè)體經(jīng)歷的生育-就業(yè)生命歷程的角度理解中老年人的健康差異有利于完善全方位全周期健康服務(wù)政策。使用中國(guó)健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤調(diào)查（CHARLS）數(shù)據(jù)和序列分析方法，分性別構(gòu)建個(gè)體的生育-就業(yè)生命歷程軌跡類型，識(shí)別出兩性共有的7種軌跡類型以及男性獨(dú)有的"未婚未育、工作型"和女性獨(dú)有的"1次生育、不工作型"軌跡。隨著出生隊(duì)列的推移，生育1次或2次的軌跡類型占比不斷提高，生育3次及以上的軌跡類型占比不斷下降，同時(shí)，更晚出生的女性中提早不工作的軌跡類型占比更高。分析不同類型生育-就業(yè)生命歷程軌跡對(duì)中老年時(shí)期健康的影響發(fā)現(xiàn)，生育次數(shù)的增加僅對(duì)女性中老年時(shí)期的健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，提早不工作則對(duì)兩性健康都不利。

關(guān)鍵詞: 生命歷程, 生育次數(shù), 生育-就業(yè)軌跡, 序列分析, 健康的性別差異

Abstract: China has recently implemented strategies of actively addressing population ageing and healthy China. In this context, understanding the health disparities among mid-aged and older adults from the life course perspective improves lifelong health service policies. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS）and sequence analysis, this study constructs parity-employment trajectories. Seven trajectories are identified for both men and women, as well as a male-specific trajectory of remaining unmarried and childless while working, and a female-specific trajectory of giving birth to one child and leaving the workforce early. Among younger birth cohorts, more individuals have only one or two children, while fewer have three or more children. Moreover, a higher proportion of women leaving the workforce early is found among younger cohorts. Further analysis shows that an increase in the number of births has a negative effect on the health of mid-aged and older women while leaving the workforce early is detrimental to the health of both men and women.

Keywords: Life Course, Number of Births, Parity employment Trajectory, Sequence Analysis, Gender Differences in Health