摘要:

全球氣候變化已經(jīng)并將持續(xù)對人類健康造成廣泛而嚴重的影響。世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員須在應對氣候變化和保護公眾健康方面發(fā)揮重要作用，尤其應當在氣候敏感性疾病監(jiān)測、脆弱人群識別與照護、健康共益效應促進、風險溝通和環(huán)保倡導等方面采取積極行動。本研究系統(tǒng)回顧了國內(nèi)外醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生人員對氣候變化的健康風險認知和適應策略研究進展，發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人員基本認識到氣候變化的健康威脅，并采取了高溫熱浪和氣候敏感性傳染病早期預警等有限的應對措施，但仍面臨突出的挑戰(zhàn)和障礙，需要更多的健康風險評估信息、風險管理專業(yè)知識以及充足的專業(yè)技術人員和資金支持。未來研究應加強評估氣候變化健康風險認知程度與實際適應行動的關聯(lián)性，并開展優(yōu)先適應策略甄別、干預措施效果和成本效益的分析，以幫助政府決策部門和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生人員積極應對。

Abstract:

Global climate change has widespread and serious impacts on human health and is expected to be worse in the future. The World Health Organization has called for health professionals to play an important role in addressing climate change and protecting public health, especially in climate-sensitive disease surveillance, vulnerable population identification and care, health co-benefit promotion, risk communication, and environmental advocacy. We systematically reviewed international research advances of health care professionals' perceptions and adaptation strategies on climate change-related health risks. We found that most health professionals basically recognized the health threats of climate change and adopted a few early warning strategies in coping with heat waves and climate-sensitive infectious diseases. However, they still faced significant challenges and obstacles, and needed more health risk assessment information, risk management expertise, and adequate health workforce and financial support. Future research should strengthen the assessment on the relationship between climate changerelated health risk perceptions and actual adaptation actions, and the evaluation on priority adaptation strategies, and the effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of interventions, aiming to help government decision-making departments and health professionals respond to climate change positively.

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