摘要：

目的 調查產婦產褥期健康管理（puerperal health management,PHM）期望與感知現狀并進行分析,為優(yōu)化PHM服務提供參考。 方法 2019年4月—6月,采用自行編制的“PHM期望與感知現狀調查問卷”對北京市某醫(yī)院產科門診產后復查的產婦進行調查。該調查問卷包括產婦身心恢復、嬰兒照顧、社會支持及產婦期待的健康管理方式4個維度,共21個條目;量表的Cronbach’s α系數為0.937,KMO值為0.730,共提取6個公因子,累計解釋76.9%的變異。 結果 共調查699名產褥期產婦,19項PHM服務中,除妊娠期糖尿病產婦的血糖、妊娠期高血壓產婦的血壓監(jiān)測指導及糖尿病、乙肝等產婦的母乳喂養(yǎng)指導2項外,其余各項服務的產婦期望與感知現狀間均有差異（P<0.001）。嬰兒常見疾病預防、觀察與護理知識,嬰兒撫觸指導,母乳喂養(yǎng)指導,產后體重管理,日常嬰兒養(yǎng)育技能評估與指導,產后用藥指導6項PHM服務的產婦期望與感知現狀差距較大。 結論 產婦PHM期望與感知現狀間存在差距,建議相關部門加大對PHM服務的經費投入,強化質量監(jiān)管,社區(qū)醫(yī)護人員也應不斷提升自身業(yè)務能力,以滿足產婦不斷提高的需求。

關鍵詞: 產褥期, 健康管理, 期望, 感知現狀, 產科護理

Abstract:

Objective To explore and analyze expectations and perceptions of puerperal health management（PHM）,so as to provide references for optimizing PHM services. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in an obstetrics clinic of a hospital in Beijing from April to June 2019,using a self-designed questionnaire on the puerperae’s expectations and perceived status of PHM services. The questionnaire included 4 dimensions,namely maternal physical and mental recovery,infant care,social support and approaches of PHM. The Cronbach’s α value of the questionnaire is 0.937,and the KMO is 0.730. 6 common factors were extracted,and the cumulative interpretation of variation was 76.9%. Results A total of 699 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 19 PHM services,except blood glucose and blood pressure monitoring for mothers and breastfeeding guidance for mothers with diseases,the differences between expectations and perceived status of other services had statistical significance（all P<0.001）. There was a significant gap between expectations and perceived status of PHM in 6 services,namely knowledge of common diseases in infants,infant touch guidance,breastfeeding guidance,postpartum weight management,guidance of infant rearing skills,postpartum medication guidance. Conclusion There was a significant gap between PHM expectations and perceived status. It is suggested that relevant departments should increase investment in PHM and strengthen supervision of its quality. Community health workers should also continuously improve their ability,understand the high expectations of PHM,and help to improve the quality of PHM services.

Key words: Puerperium, Health Management, Expectation, Perceived Status, Obstetrical Nursing

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