摘要： 心理健康監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)兒童青少年心理問(wèn)題識(shí)別和心理健康促進(jìn)具有重要意義,是我國(guó)當(dāng)前教育工作的重點(diǎn)。美國(guó)的兒童青少年心理健康監(jiān)測(cè)起步早、發(fā)展快,1960年至今的六十年間,已歷經(jīng)前監(jiān)測(cè)階段、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為監(jiān)測(cè)階段、綜合心理健康監(jiān)測(cè)階段和心理-神經(jīng)科學(xué)整合階段四個(gè)階段,涵蓋十一個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目,發(fā)展出較為全面的監(jiān)測(cè)框架。監(jiān)測(cè)框架中所含指標(biāo)豐富,可分為心理健康與心理健康影響因素兩個(gè)部分。其中,心理健康部分包括精神障礙、情緒行為問(wèn)題以及積極心理三部分下屬的六十余種指標(biāo);心理健康影響因素部分包含個(gè)體、家庭和社會(huì)層級(jí)下的五十余種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和保護(hù)因子。同時(shí),監(jiān)測(cè)工具高度成熟化、監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)高度科技化。美國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)及時(shí)改進(jìn)框架設(shè)計(jì),加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)的深度和廣度以及監(jiān)測(cè)工具的開(kāi)發(fā)都提供了良好的借鑒和啟示。

關(guān)鍵詞: 心理健康, 監(jiān)測(cè), 兒童青少年, 美國(guó)

Abstract: Mental health monitoring is of great significance to the identification and promotion of mental health of children and adolescents,and is the focus of current education work in China.The mental health monitoring of children and adolescents started early and developed rapidly in the United States.In the 60 years from 1960 to now,it has gone through four stages:pre-monitoring stage,death and risk behavior monitoring stage,comprehensive mental health monitoring stage,and psychological neuroscience integration stage.Covering 11 monitoring projects,it has developed a more comprehensive monitoring framework.The monitoring framework contains rich indicators,which can be divided into two parts:mental health and the influencing factors of mental health.The mental health includes more than 60 indicators of mental disorders,emotional and behavioral problems,and positive mental health.The influencing factors of mental health include more than 50 kinds of risk and protective factors at individual,domestic,and social levels.At the same time,the monitoring tools are highly mature and the monitoring system is highly technological.The rich experience of the United States in this field provides good reference and inspiration for us China to improve the framework design over time,strengthen the depth and breadth of monitoring indicators and develop monitoring tools.

Key words: mental health, monitoring, children and adolescents, the United States

中圖分類號(hào): 

B844

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網(wǎng)址: 美國(guó)兒童青少年心理健康監(jiān)測(cè)六十年:監(jiān)測(cè)框架發(fā)展分析與啟示 http://www.gysdgmq.cn/newsview77287.html